Windows Upgrade Help and more

You could also see if there's a BIOS update for your motherboard that might enable a firmware TPM. Another option is to use the official Media Creation Tool, as it sometimes has different checks.

You could also try the slmgr /rearm command in an admin Command Prompt, then reboot. Another option is to contact support directly through the activation troubleshooter—they can sometimes push a fix from their end.